Financial Aspects of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Aspects of Business - Essay Example It took 20 years for the industry to reach the one billion user mark, but over the last three years the amount of users double to surpass the three billion user mark (Cellular-News). According to Wireless intelligence the exact amount of cellular users is 2.5 billion. 3G technology has revolutionized this industry. 3G is a third generation cellular technology which is associated with services such as simultaneous transfer of both voice and data, downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging (Wikipedia). The cellular device has become more than just a handheld phone. The evolution of the capabilities of mobile phones has created new opportunities for companies to generate revenues. Downloading songs for the phone device is an example of an opportunity to create income. The services related to 3G technologies can create approximately $30-60 a month of revenue per subscriber of such services. Another emerging trend is global positioning satellite (GPS) utilization within the phone devices. Korea is a market in which GPS services have been a big success. â€Å"The Korea Association of Information and Telecommunication estimates that cell phone GPS tracking service are growing at an annual rate of 74%†( Wireless, Wi-Fi, RFID & Cellular Industry Trends, 20). An emerging product within this industry are phone devices with the capability to switch from the wireless cell phone network into WiMAX networks. A Wi-MAX network is a wireless internet network with 30 mile radius coverage. These phones hack into the Wi-MAX network an allow user to make p hone calls using the internet. This creates a scenario in which users don’t depend on their cellular service providers. This is a threat mobile companies have to track closely. The Wi-MAX scenario is one of the many reasons 3G technologies must be developed further for the continued profitability of companies in this industry. Also growth within this industry has

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Project - Assignment Example The culture of accomplishing simple results through complicated means ensured his works became perceived as increasingly unique. This fame of his cartoons led to the syndication of his works, which brought increased popularity of these cartoons. The machine I would design would be for lifting utensils into a utensil sink form the table. There would be a lever which would swing when the utensils are placed on the rack. The rack would them be connected to a rod similar to a fishing rod which an individual can utilize to move the lever to the direction of the sink. Through moving the roller of the fishing rod, the lever would swing to the other side and enable the utensils fall into the sink. This Rube Goldberg machine would include a fishing rod, a beam balance, a roller and a pulley fitted at the end of the fishing rod. The utilization of these simple machines would create an effective machine for lifting utensils from table into the sinks after an individuals has completed having a meal. This would effectively ease the work of making clearance after

Clients Description And Functioning Social Work Essay

Clients Description And Functioning Social Work Essay The client is a sixteen-year-old African American female who is pregnant with her second child. The client attends junior high school. The client lives with her mother, age unknown, who is unemployed. B. Setting Peak View Behavioral Health is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Peak View Behavioral Health is a psychiatric hospital dedicated to providing quality care to promote growth and structure for clients and families (Peak View Behavioral Health, 2012). Peak View Behavioral Health treats adults ages eighteen and older and, in January 2013, will begin to serve children ages four to seventeen. The hospitals services include acute psychiatric care, partial hospitalization, intensive outpatient services, substance abuse, twenty-four hour assessment and Electroconvulsive Therapy. C. Reason for Referral The client was referred to Each One Teach One, an alternative school, by her prior public school principal. The client is pregnant with her second child and has been suspended from the public school. Adolescent pregnancy, intended or not, can have negative consequences. Common consequences of adolescent pregnancy include dropping out of high school, living in poverty, relying on public welfare, and experiencing higher levels of psychological distress, as compared to their same age peers (Stoiber, 2005). The consequences of the clients pregnancies are reflected by her situation. She has been referred to an alternative school and experiences psychological stress which impacts her relationships. The principal was aware of the clients first pregnancy, although no previous interventions were attempted. The principal suspects the client is having difficulty in her home life, although she will not disclose to the principal how she became pregnant twice. Client is not happy about the suspension from public school. Client does not understand why she is being suspended because she feels as though she has not done anything wrong. Although she is upset about the suspension from her public school, she does seem interested in the referral to the alternative school as evidenced by her accepting the referral and attending Each One Teach One. One of the highlighted strengths in the lives of African Americans is their strong educational or achievement orientation (Boyd-Franklin, 2006). Although the client is experiencing a negative social and economic environment, she appears to be motivated to better herself. The clients mother does not support the referral for client to attend the alternative school. The clients mother encourages the client not to attend school and get on the Welfare. D. Clients Description and Functioning Client is of average height and pregnant. Client attends school well groomed, e.g, hair brushed, teeth brushed, showered, and wears clothes that are clean and well-fitted. Although the client is pregnant, she is able to walk to school and walk up and down the stairs to her apartment without difficulty. Client took necessary testing precautions to be tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) after learning her father passed away from Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Consequently, client tested positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Client does not speak grammatically correct English as evidenced by client stating sentences such as I is learning, I does my work, and what this one is? Although client reports she sits in the back of the classroom, does not open a book and does not participate, clients math teacher reports client does well in math. Client has difficulty reading. The clients mother reports client as stupid and not ever amounting to anything. Client identifies one of her strengths as cooking. Client reports auditory and visual hallucinations in the form of vampires telling her you are one of us. Client fantasizes about being white, living rich and famous, and being saved from her current situation. E. Physical and Economic Environment The clients mother is unemployed and receives welfare of an unknown monthly amount. Clients mother has custody of clients first child in order to receive aide on that child. Client attended public school until suspended and will be attending Each One Teach One. In the evenings, client cooks and cleans for the household. Client describes her mothers day as a beached whale lying on the couch. Client states her mother eats, watch T.V., eats, watch T.V. The client and mother live in a two bedroom apartment, rent unknown, in Harlem. Client describes the neighborhood as the ghetto and consumed with crack heads. The clients apartment building is sprayed with graffiti. Americans visualize the ghetto as where the black people live representing a poor, susceptible to crime, drug-infected and violent part of the city (Anderson, 2012). The client defines her neighborhood as the ghetto due to drug activity and crime. F. Current Social Functioning 1. Family Situation. The client and mother live in apartment together. The clients mother has custody of the clients first born child and claims that child for welfare purposes, although the child actually lives with clients grandmother. The clients father previously lived in the home with client and mother prior to moving out. Clients relationship with her mother is volatile. The clients mother reported she should have aborted her. Client cooks for her mother, cleans the home, and runs errands for her mother when needed. Client fantasizes of wanting to be on the cover of a magazine or in a music video. Client has current and past history of sexual and physical abuse. Client was raped by her father. The clients first child, and the second child she is pregnant with, are products of rape by the clients father. The clients mother is aware of the rape of the client by her father but blames the client for taking my man. The clients mother also blames the client for clients father moving out of the house. The clients mother also admitted to sexually abusing client, stating who was going to please me. Client has also experienced physical abuse at the hands of her mother. The clients mother has slapped her and thrown a frying pan towards her head. The clients mother is verbally abusive calling client names such as bitch, whore, good for nothing and stupid. 2. Current Sexual/Emotional Relationship. Client reports never having a boyfriend but wishes she had a light skin boyfriend with nice hair. 3. Occupational/School Situation. Client has been suspended from public school and referred to Each One Teach One, an alternative school, due to her second pregnancy. Client enjoys math and does well in math, as reported by her math teacher. Client has difficulty reading and tested at a second grade reading level. Client has difficulty with her peers as evidenced by clients physical aggression towards peers, i.e., slapping, punching, and cursing at her peers. Client has obedient relationships towards teachers and principal as evidenced by following directions without defiance. 4. Other Social Relationships and Social Roles and Satisfaction. Client reports never having a boyfriend and does not have any friends. Client takes pride in being a mother but is not able to be a mother to her first child due to her own mother not allowing her child to live in their home because of the childs developmental disability. Client has expressed wanting to get her child back. Client does not currently attend a church but fantasizes of participating in the church choir. For generations, African Americans have used spirituality and religion as a crucial instrument for survival (Boyd-Franklin, 2006). One role of the African American church is to act as a refuge, as a sanctuary in an often times unfriendly world (Boyd-Franklin, 2010). Although client does not currently attend church, in her fantasies, she finds the church as a safe place from her negative and hostile environment. 5. Medical/Psychological. Client is pregnant with her second child. Clients first pregnancy resulted in a female with developmental disabilities. At time of clients referral to Each One Teach One, client had not yet seen a doctor for her second pregnancy. Client found out from her mother her father passed away from AIDS and client tested positive for HIV. Clients mother refuses to be tested for HIV because she believes she has not contracted the disease because she and clients father did not engage in anal sex. 6. Legal Issues. Client does not have any legal issues at this time. G. Personal and Family History relevant to current focus Client was born in November 1971 in Harlem. Mother reported client would sleep in the bed with her and the clients father. Client was bottle fed as a baby, as clients father would drink the breast milk from clients mothers breast. The clients mother reported client was three years old at the time of her first sexual abuse by her father. Client has experienced sexual abuse by her father and mother, and physical and verbal abuse from her mother. Individuals who are of lower economic status are more likely to experience traumatic events, and African Americans are more likely to be of lower socioeconomic status (Gapen et al., 2011). Clients mother reports there is no alcohol or substance use in the home. II. Assessment Psychological Functioning The clients intellectual functioning is at a moderate level as evidenced by grammatically incorrect language and a second grade reading level. In terms of the clients psychological functioning, her ego functions are moderately compromised. The egos ability to unify and combine mental processes is called ego functions (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). Reality testing is the egos ability to recognize and agree with physical and social reality. The most important aspect of this function is the ability to tell the difference between internal reality and external reality (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). The clients function of reality testing is compromised at times, as evidenced by auditory and visual hallucinations and retreats to her fantasy world. The clients ego function of controlling impulses is also compromised, as evidenced by aggressiveness towards peers. The egos attempt to maintain an accurate level of positive self-worth in the face of stressful or aggravating circumstances is self-esteem regulation (Berzoff, Flanagan, Herzt, 2011). The clients self-esteem could be defined as low due to physical, sexual, and verbal abuse. The clients low self-esteem can be seen through her fantasies of wanting to be someone else, e.g White, famous. Defense mechanisms guard the self from danger, actual or perceived (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). In terms of defense mechanisms, the clients defense mechanisms could be classified as immature. The clients immature defense of dissociation, where a painful memory is detached from the feeling, is evidenced by the clients fantasies of herself leading a different life (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). B. Emotional Functioning Between nine and twelve months of age children begin to develop Internal Working Models to characterize emotions and expectations resulting from interactions and communication between infant and caregiver (Riggs, 2010). Consistent with the notion emotional abuse negatively impacts Internal Working Models and the ability to regulate affect, research suggests emotional abuse places children at risk for poor self-concept and disorders of emotional regulation and impulse control (Riggs, 2010). In regards to the clients emotional functioning, her limited range of emotional expression and poor impulse control are demonstrated by her use of aggression and anger towards peers. The clients negative coping responses can be seen through her fantasies, as she cannot verbally express how she is feeling. According to attachment theory, insecure attachment styles are used because they are adaptive in relation to the behavioral responses of their attachment figure (Riggs, 2010). One type of insecure attachment pattern is disorganized attachment. Disorganized attachment can be connected to child abuse, lack of resolution to trauma or loss by parent, and maternal frightening behavior and psychopathology (Riggs, 2010). The clients attachment pattern can be classified as disorganized due to her experience of sexual abuse, by her mother and father, and physical abuse, by her mother. The clients disorganized attachment can also be attributed to her mothers lack of support in regards to her sexual abuse by her father, i.e., blaming the client for the abuse. Evidence of clients insecure attachment in early childhood can also be seen, currently, through clients dismissiveness, i.e., that she takes care of her mother despite the abuse, low self-concept (Berzoff, Flanagan, Hertz, 2011). C. Social/Behavioral Functioning Attachment insecurity, due to emotionally abusive parenting, adds to poor social functioning. In early attachment relationships, children begin to develop the skills needed to build future social relationships, such as self-awareness, empathy, negotiation, and conflict resolution. The security of attachment influences many areas of interpersonal relationships, including effectiveness in peer groups, reciprocity in relationships, empathy, problem solving, conflict resolution, and establishing close and intimate relationships with peers (Riggs, 2010). The clients social isolation, as evidenced by her lack of peer group, demonstrates the clients insecure attachment with caregivers. The clients lack of distrust in peers and adults is displayed through clients aggressive behaviors. D. Environmental Issues and Constraints Affecting the Situation The client lives in a neighborhood in which she would consider the ghetto. Client lives with her mother, although the relationship is unstable. Children with a very insecure attachment to their mothers are more likely than other children to live in high-risk families and environments (Kwako, Knoll, Putnam, Trickett, 2010). The client has experienced sexual, physical, and verbal abuse from her caregivers. African American families experience higher rates of poverty than families of other races. Living in poverty increases the risk of exposure to trauma and trauma is found more often in African American populations (Graves, Kaslow, Frabutt, 2010). The clients turbulent home environment, unsafe neighborhood, and lack of social supports and resources exacerbates clients distrust in others, social isolation, and negative self-concept. E. Motivation and Commitment to Services The clients mother does not support client attending school and would rather client take welfare services. Despite the clients mothers lack of support, the client is motivated to attend school to continue her education and be a positive mother for her children. F. Workers Understanding of Clients Presenting Situation/Problem The client is a sixteen year old, African-American teenage mother of two. The client has experienced severe childhood sexual trauma by her mother and father. The clients two pregnancies are results of sexual abuse from the clients father. The client lacks emotional support from her mother and is often ridiculed by her mother in terms of her appearance, intellectual functioning and overall being. Emotional abuse in the attachment relationship significantly increases the likelihood of developing insecure attachment, which is proven to be linked to low empathy and reciprocity, hostility or aggression and impulsivity, exploitation or ridicule by peers, social withdrawal or exclusion from group activities, and general patterns of un-relatedness and isolation (Riggs, 2010). The client lacks any type of social support from peers and, often times, interactions with peers result in aggressive confrontation. Clients distrust in peers and adults is evidenced by lack of nurturing relationships. Up to this point, client has not accessed community resources. Previous experience with racism frequently prevents African Americans from accessing assistance and/or services from organizations which historically have safeguarded Caucasians (Graves, Kaslow, Frabutt, 2010). Clients mother is distrusting of community institutions which may lead to clients inability to access support. According to attachment theory, a child forms representational models, i.e., internal working models, of attachment figures, of the self, and of self-in-relation to others based on their relationship with primary caregivers. When a childs caregiver responds in a sensitive, loving, and consistent manner, a working model of other as loving, reliable, and supportive is internalized. On the other hand, experiencing emotional abuse and neglect may instill damaging beliefs about the self, e.g., I am stupid, I am not worthy of attention, which may result in maladaptive models of self, other, and self in-relation to others. Instead of developing a working model of the self as worthy of love and attention, negative models of the self as worthless, incompetent, or powerless may result (Wright, Crawford, Castillo, 2009). Due to the clients mothers unstable and inconsistent caregiving patterns, client has developed a low concept of self, as evidenced by the clients feelings of unworthiness to h ave or accept any type of relationships. Although the client has experienced severe childhood trauma, insecure attachments with caregivers, and family and community instability, the client appears to be moderately resilient. Resilience refers to patterns of positive adaptation during or following major adversity or risk (Lopez Snyder, 2011). Faced with two pregnancies, unsupportive and abusive caregivers, and lack of social support, the client continues to be motivated to pursue her education, regain custody of her first child, and become a caring and loving mother to her children. III. Evidenced Based Practice Search This author began the search using the Google Scholar search engine with the term psychodynamic treatment for female African American adolescents of sexual abuse. This search yielded articles related to interventions for substance abuse. The same search term was used again but the term intervention was exchanged for the term treatment. This search yielded articles on cognitive behavioral interventions. This author then moved to using the search engine PsyhInfo. Terms including psychodynamic treatment, psychodynamic intervention, African American, adolescent and sexual abuse were again interchanged to aide in the search. This author then added the term sexual abuse survivor to the search. This search began to yield interventions related to psychodynamic interventions. This author began finding articles related to psychodynamic groups as a psychodynamic intervention. Continuing to use the PsychInfo search engine, this author then used search terms psychodynamic groups, adolescents, sexual abuse survivor and African American. This author was able to yield articles related to psychodynamic groups. This author then moved to using the University of Southern California Library to continue the search. This author again used the terms psychodynamic groups, adolescents, sexual abuse survivor and African American to yield further articles in regards to psychodynamic groups. This author was able to accumulate six articles in regards to psychodynamic group intervention. Overall, this author found it extremely difficult to find, in the literature, psychodynamic interventions specific to African American adolescents who have experienced sexual abuse. IV. Intervention Plan In the first years of childhood, the family is responsible for the care and development of the child. In healthy families, children learn they can depend of their environment to provide emotional security and physical safety. Children then gain behaviors which allow them to nurture their own emotional and physical health free from parents or caregivers. Poor health also can develop early in life. Children who live in families with characteristics such as family conflict, i.e., frequent episodes of anger or aggression, and lack of nurturing, i.e., relationships which are cold, unsupportive, and neglectful, can have negative consequences on mental and physical health (Repetti, Taylor, Seeman, 2002). Unfortunately, due to clients exposure to an abusive and un-nurturing environment, she has developed poor mental health, as seen by her moderate level of defense mechanisms, poor self-concept and lack of support. Due to the clients insecure attachment with caregivers, which has led to lack of support and untrusting nature to others, the intervention employed will be psychodynamic group psychotherapy. Because of clients young age, client will be more suitable for time limited psychodynamic group psychotherapy, which occurs between twelve and thirty sessions (Wise, 2009). The format used for psychodynamic group psychotherapy is verbal. The basis of the group should be to feel and talk, rather than act. Because it is a psychodynamic therapy, the therapist should wait for the group interactions to occur freely and then comment when appropriate (Wise, 2009). During the process of psychodynamic group psychotherapy, the therapist will attempt not to set agendas but follow the suggestions of the group. The belief is the group process will eventually lead to the most emotionally charged subjects if allowed to proceed without interruption. The therapist in the psychodynamic group psychotherapy session will attend to the group and individual members based on how the session begins (Rutan, 1992). The implementation of the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention is community based, therefore the client will need to access community organizations to utilize the treatment intervention. As previously noted, the client has not accessed community resources thus far. Another hurdle the client will have to overcome in order to maximize optimum results from the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention is a proper match to therapist leading the group and participation. Because client is untrusting of other others it may be difficult to engage client in group psychotherapy process. A therapist who creates an environment of acceptance, understanding and trust, and provides empathy and responsiveness will have a better chance of keeping and engaging challenging members (Gans Counselman, 2010). The goal of psychodynamic group psychotherapy is to make aware parts of the unconscious which result in negative distortions in present day perceptions (Rutan, 1992). Furthermore, goals of treatment are to assist in overcoming resistance to experiencing, expressing and understanding emotion. The psychodynamic group psychotherapy model allows for resolving the tension between suppression of emotions and explosiveness. The group format also allows for members to work together to manage and contain feelings (Wise, 2009). This aspect of psychodynamic group psychotherapy will be beneficial to client, as she has difficulty expressing her emotions, as evidenced by aggression towards peers. Although the client will gain emotional regulation skills through the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention, this will not be her main treatment goal. Psychodynamic group psychotherapy is also another way for individuals to interact within a system of relationships. This is beneficial due to most presenting problems having a relational context. Allowing individuals to interact and then reflect gives the individual the opportunity to use the group as a place to observe and change patterns (Wise, 2009). The client has expressed a desire to have safe, nurturing and loving relationships with others, but due to low self-concept does not feel worthy of such relationships. The clients goal for psychodynamic group psychotherapy will be to increase number of quality relationships from zero to at least two by the conclusion of the group sessions. The clients relationships will be measured by her own self-report, as well as therapist observations of her interactions and relationships with fellow members of the group and development of social skills. The catalyst for change in psychodynamic group psychotherapy includes change by imitation, i.e, learning by observing others, identification, i.e., unconsciously taking on traits or characteristics of others, and internalization. The therapeutic process develops using confrontation, explanation, interpretation and working through (Wise, 2009). Additionally, other therapeutic aspects which are addressed include support, self-revelation, learning, and self-understanding, with interpersonal learning as the utmost important (Wise, 2009). Because the client has developed negative internal working models, due to insecure attachment with caregivers, i.e. mother and father, the interactions with others in the group setting may begin to assist client in developing higher self-concept and more nurturing relationships. V. Discussion, Analysis and Rationale for Interventions Chosen Psychodynamic group psychotherapy was chosen as the intervention for the client due to her experience of sexual abuse by caregivers. Time limited, as well as ongoing psychodynamic group psychotherapy has been effective in treating women with a history of sexual abuse, due to the opportunity for the individual to reduce the feelings of isolation, guilt, and shame. An individual is able to effectively work through feelings when the individual is able to share their experience in a therapeutic environment comprised of compassion and acceptance. The psychodynamic group psychotherapy process provides an individual with the ability to incorporate a new object experience without devaluation or ridicule, while at the same time abandoning previous attachments which were associated with the original event and emotion (Nusbaum, 2000). When an individual is abused, the person tends to identify with the unloving, aggressive, and immoral characteristics of the superego rather than the gentle, loving and protective characteristics. The individual may interpret the caregivers failure to nurture and protect adequately as a sign they are unworthy and unlovable (Nusbaum, 2010). Evidence of these characteristics can be seen in the clients low self-concept and feelings of unworthiness to have any type of relationship. Within the psychodynamic group psychotherapy process, the group can demonstrate appropriate levels of protectiveness, love and concern to its members. Negative feelings often experienced by individuals with sexual abuse can often be eased through disclosure of the traumatic experience. The group can then provide corrective superego functions by not allowing its members to blame themselves for the experience, which may have been unavoidable and not their fault (Nusbaum, 2000). Psychodynamic group psychotherapy also deepens the alliance between group members and facilitates the development of relationships which can be observed and analyzed in the context of interpersonal fears and roadblocks. Furthermore, in psychodynamic group psychotherapy individuals can identify interpersonal conflicts and work through primary defense structures which are run by fears of trusting. Additionally, because abuse and neglect tend to occur in dysfunctional families, by successfully working through emotional conflict the psychodynamic group offers the opportunity for interpersonal learning and development of social skills, which are usually not modeled in dysfunctional homes (Nusbaum, 2000). This author is unable to implement the psychodynamic group psychotherapy intervention with the client but can visualize how the intervention would unfold with the client. In the first sessions this author would attempt to create a trusting, nurturing and safe environment where client would feel she could engage in the group process and share personal experience. According to psychodynamic theory, personality is formed developmentally. In this model each stage of development builds on the previous stage and each stage affects the following one. It is important to note in the therapeutic process, defects in earlier developmental stages can be corrected if that stage can be recalled, relieved and be affectively re-experienced and corrected in the here and now (Rutan, 1992). It will be pivotal for the clients treatment for her to share feelings, emotions and past experiences in order facilitate positive transformation. This author would predict the client would be difficult to engage initially due to her mistrust in others and feelings of unworthiness. After consistent nurturing, accepting, trusting and safe experiences in the psychodynamic group, this author would see the client begin to engage in the group process. Once the client begins to share personal experiences, feelings and emotions this author would utilize a specific intervention, the here and now. The here and now technique would allow this author to use the clients past experience to understand and explain occasions when she unconsciously repeats the past or misperceives the present based on what she has learned in the past (Rutan, 1992). This technique would allow self-learning and self-understanding in regards to how her past abuse and neglect as affected her current relationships. This author expects transference will likely surface in the therapeutic process with the client. Transference can be defined as the misrepresentation of present object relationships on the basis of early object relationships (Rutan, 1992). Transference will be beneficial in the therapeutic process with the client. It will allow for this author to gather information and explore the nature of early relationships based on the characteristics the client transfers on to this author (Rutan, 1992). Through the psychodynamic group psychotherapy process the clients main goal will to be to form quality, nurturing and trusting relationships. Relationships are important in forming personality, causing psychopathology, and curing psychiatric symptoms. As individuals develop in the psychodynamic group they are forming important relationships and, while doing so, every part of their character is emerging. Individuals reveal their defense mechanisms and transferences while, in turn, receiving feedback from the therapist and other members. There may not be any other therapeutic process where so much data is available to an individual about themselves as in psychodynamic group psychotherapy (Rutan, 1992).

Wright Brothers Essay -- American Aeronautics, Invention, Flight

The brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright, possibly the two most renowned representatives of American aeronautics, were the first to experience controlled, continuous flight of a powered airplane in history. Despite being autodidactic in the area of engineering, the duo proved to be extraordinarily successful, testing and refining their strategies to overcome successive challenges that arose with the building of a plane (Crouch 226). The two were so far ahead in the race for flight that they even anticipated and found solutions to problems that more learned scientists could not have even begun to predict. Successful, man-controlled, powered flight was a fundamental turning point in history; it transformed the methods of how the United States fought its battles, powered developmental and technological change, revolutionized travel and trade, and provided help in forming the world into what it is today. Wilbur and Orville Wright grew up in Dayton, Ohio, in a home that allowed for the two to pursue their intellectual interests. The boys’ parents, Milton and Susan Wright, allowed their children to follow their creative instincts, and helped filter their energy into being creative. Mrs. Wright was a top mathematician in her class and very creative herself; she assembled many household appliances and even built playthings for her children (Garber 1). Both Wilbur and Orville frequently requested help from their mother for counsel on any problems they encountered in their undertakings as children. Their father, Bishop Milton Wright, who would normally bring home toys to help spark their creative interests, gave the two brothers their first material inspiration, a rubber band toy helicopter, early on in childhood (Garber 1). They created ma... ...se across the globe, only taking a few days for the packages to arrive at their destination. Since the time of the World Wars and the Wright brothers, aviation has become a huge part of global society. The Orville and Wilbur Wright’s names will forever be remembered into United States history as the first men who were the first to fully realized human flight. Their successful invention of a working, powered airplane brought about whole new ways of wars, including new strategies for both offense and defense. Many technological advances might not have occurred without the need for new weapons and systems for airplanes. Travel and commerce would be much slower without the usage of airplanes. Orville and Wilbur have made a lasting impact on the world with their invention of a working, human-controlled, powered airplane; who knows what the world would be without it.

Impact of Green Marketing

A Study on the Impact of Green Marketing on Purchasing Decision as Perceived by Young Professionals on Makati City A Research Paper Presented to Ms. Lydia A. Basaysay In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements of the Course in Communication Arts II Presented by: Angel Joy Mandigal Far Eastern University-Makati October 4, 2012 I. INTRODUCTION In the late 1980’s there are various environmental disasters that exist which makes the environmentalism in the spotlight.Among these were the Exon Valdez Oil Spill in Alaska, devastation of Germany’s Black Forest by acid rain, release of toxic chemicals in the Rhine River and the volcanic eruption o`f Mount Pinatubo in Philippines according to Ottman (1998 as cited in Suplico 2009). Those environmental issues that mentioned are antecedent by the world’s growing population that leads to scarcity of goods. As a result, â€Å"green† were introduced in the market that helps to make less damaging to the environment. In a study of Nandini & Deshpande (2011) stated that the green concept are seen in the United States and has been gaining steadily ever ince. In detailed, business firms realized that this environmental issue serves as a marketing opportunity for them. They believed that it will help them to increase their business profit thus; they started to adopt the concept of green marketing by implementing green consuming in measures to save earth’s resources in production. Tan &Yeap (2012) On the other hand, Suplico (2009) cited that marketing fulfils business and human purpose by providing benefits to customers through products such as the food people eat, the clothes they wear, the house where they live and the cars they drive.Hence, the decisions on what products to make and how to offer them are the responsibility of marketing functions. Additionally, Fuller (2009) stated that the decisions on what products to make are relate to what to take and both the making and taking processes. Eve ntually the wasting process that takes into ecological costs in the form of waste, pollution and damage of ecosystems that determines the attributes of products and the specific systems though which they are made available to the markets.And to determine resource use and waste generation patterns, which the antecedents of pollution and ecosystems degradation. Due of that, the market has a challenge to reinvent product systems to achieve â€Å"zero waste, zero discharger† outcomes while giving the same benefits to consumers that meets their customer expectations on product. Research studies about green consuming of a product or service have increased exponentially over the last decades that conducted until now, conformed by Leonidou, Leonidou and Kvasova (2011).People get interested on consuming eco-friendly products or services due of the environmental issues problem that lead market segment to produce a so called â€Å"green marketing†. This research is followed of su cceeding major streams, which are explained below. In a study that Nandini &Deshapande (2011) conducted, it mentioned that green marketing is an activity that designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended in order to satisfy human needs or wants such as that satisfying that needs and wants to occur with minimal detrimental input on the national environment.Furthermore, according to Zsolnai (2002:656) as cited in Smith & Perks (2010) appended that green business is a business that has adopted the concept of being environmentalism across the various functions of the business. Together with the study of Yazdanifard & Mercy (2011) affirmed that green marketing serves as a tool for protection of the environment for the future generation which has a positive impact on environmental safety. In other words, green marketing was made in business functions due to the reason to prevent variety range of environmental issues that consumers experienced.Specifically, in the book Europea n Communities (2004:5) defined green purchasing as a giving an example and influence the market place by promoting it’s the green products or services with the authority of the public which can provide the industry with incentives for developing green technologies. As a matter of fact, green marketing campaign highlighted the superior of environmental protection characteristics of a company’s products and services whether those benefits take the form of reduce waste of packaging, increased energy efficiency in product used or decrease release of toxic emissions and other pollutants in production.Encyclopedia of Business (2nded. ). Meanwhile, Tan &Yeap (2012) study asserted that the green movement are not only focused on the environmental protection purpose but let firms globally compete to the corporate world since mostly firms applied these green movement. In addition, Smith & Perks (2010) probe about the impact of green marketing on business functions founded out tha t those human resource, management and finance department of firms which has a least impact b the green business practice.On the other hand in the further analysis of Smith & Perks revealed that the operation, marketing and distribution functions of business are the most impact of green practice of firms. Wherefore, business must know their intentions o goals since mostly of its functions impacted of green practice. Bukhari (2012) discussed in his study that companies developed more new and improved products and services with environment inputs in mind. As a result, it enables firms to gain competitive, improve ecological performance, educe operation costs, enhance corporate image of firms and increase the profit sustainability.On the other side, Ottman (2011) explained that through green consuming will served as a new source for innovation of global market because market segment believe that being green means doing things differently. However, consumers are one that witnessed the e xistence of green practice to market. To agree on that, in the book of National Consumer Council (2002:7) postulated a fact that consumers are at the centre of environmental issues, everything that consumers do in their lives impacts on the environment.In that condition, the people will start to practice the green purchasing with a belief that it will help to prevent the environmental issues that they undergo. That fact that cited was supported by Suplico (2009) in her study that consumers are really aware of the green consuming such as buying environmentally friendly products. It showed in her study that the respondents or consumers agreed that they will buy products that are non-toxic, recyclable/reasonable/refillable, degradable, non-polluting, and free from animal testing, ozone friendly, energy efficient and cause minimal household waste.In short, people are willing to bought products that are harmonious to the environment. Although, green practice of business function and cons umers help to prevent globally environmental issues and give firms an opportunity to boost up their profit, still it has another side impact in market and consumers. To prove it, Lin &Ho (2010) claimed on their study that the environmental uncertainty and green practice complexity have a significant negative influence on green adoption.Additionally, in a report of Romero (2008) posted in news the statement of Von Hernandez, Green Peace Executive Director for Southeast Asia that going green of the businesses is a great thing but it would be misleading to the consumers. Identically, on the blog of Hicks (2009) exposed that the use of eco labelling about the environmental credentials of firms are only made consumers more confusing about the product or service. Similarly, according to Lipp (2010) that articulated in his blog that in the reality the green products that offered are come in a higher price tag, in which can face market obstacles.And also, Tantawi, Shaughnessy, Gad and Raghe b (2009) conceded that going green has contradicts in result. They confirmed in their study that those environmental concern products and services is a little luxurious that only afforded by wealthy and only shed a light upon the possibility of going green. In the same matter, based on the blog of Makower (2011) explicated that green marketing are not changing consumer’s mind but is ignored by the biggest marketers, are not changing things, instead mislead consumers and does not give companies where its due.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of green marketing on the decision making of consumers in Makati City. Precisely, this study will response and explicate the following the questions: 1) Are consumers cognizant on the concepts of green consuming? 2) Is there a significant effect of green marketing on brand loyalty? Obviously, this paper wants to address if the concept helps the firms to increase the brand loyalty on products or services. Thus, this will ex posed if the effects of the concepts to brand loyalty whether it has an advantage or disadvantage to the business functions and consumers.And for the last question, 3) Is there a significant implication of influence of green consuming that executed on the consumers and business functions? The significance of this research paper that will conduct is important because it will distinguish more information about green consuming to the consumers. As a matter of fact, this will make consumers more aware to the practice of green consuming that implemented the conservation of environment. For additional reasons, this paper will analogize the impact of green marketing to its relations to the brand loyalty of consumers on products.Hence, its main reason that related on green marketing is to contribute benefits on business functions, environment and mostly consumers. II. METHODOLOGY This paper determines to analyse the influence of the green practice movement of businesses functions on the off ered products and services in market that consumed by the different consumes. 2. 1 Participants Thirty people from selected areas of Makati will be chosen as the participants of this research. The thirty will divided into three groups of ten students, workers and non-workers from different places.Every each group of participants contains of five males and five females. 2. 2 Instruments This research surveys will confirms the impact of adoption of green practice of different firms in country. The data for this study will come from one source compartmentalized in one survey questionnaire form. First, is the demographic part of the questionnaire that will be used of personal profile information from therespondent. It includes of the respondents age, gender and profession whether they are students, workers or employees and non-workers.Second was the self-rating reading. This part is used to collect data information about their opinions that based on a given statement. The research quest ionnaire that used is the Likert Scale Type. This Likert are answerable by five scales: (SA) Strongly Agree, (A) Agree, (AD) Agree/ Dis Agree, (D) Dis Agree and (SD) Strongly Dis Agree. The scale has different criteria that concentrate on the effectiveness of the impact of green marketing on the buying pattern of consumers. 2. 3 ProcedureAll the data from respondents’ demographic and self-rating reading information will be gathered. The questionnaire will administer to the respondents before end of September 2012. The respondents are taught to fill in the survey questionnaire, consulting that there were no right or wrong answer. The respondents can took five minutes to finish the questionnaire that given. To see if there are significant impacts of green marketing on the buying pattern behaviour of consumer, whether it has effectiveness. III.DISCUSSION This research study tries to determine the impact of green marketing on the decision making in purchasing of consumers. With r egard to a) the significant information of awareness of consumes on green practice of three groups, b) the effectiveness of the green practice of business on products and service that offered in the consume satisfaction of consumers and c) certain insights that can be establish concerning on the influence of green consuming that applied of consumers and business functions.As regard to the first research problem, on many that study conducted it all agreed that consumers are highly aware on the movement of green consuming of product and service on market. To support that statement, Leonidou, Leonidou and Kvasova (2011) reiterated that consumer are started to be cognizant on green practice of market because of the immediate exist of products or services that are harmonious on environment that leads to severe environment issues. Table 1 Awareness about and the importance of green product Awareness about green Product |Frequency (N) |Percentage (%) | |Have never heard |14 |13 | |A lot |7 7 |71. 3 | |A little |17 |15. | |The Importance of green product | | | |YES |97 |89. 8 | |NO |11 |10. 2 |As for the awareness of the consumers on purchasing green products, Yaacob and Zakaria (2010) study result overwhelmingly more than 70 per cent of respondents claimed that they were highly aware on green products. Only small proportions of respondents had a little awareness about products-15. 7 per cent. On the other hand, 13 per cent of them admitted that they never heard about the practice of green consuming. It is also the same scenario that observed when the question of green products was raised. Close to 90 per cent of respondents were positive about it, and only 10 per cent claimed green products were of no importance.Table 2: Respondents' Source of Awareness to Green Marketing |How did you become aware in green marketing? |Frequency (N) |Percentage (%) | |TV |105 |48. 61 | |Radio |14 |6. 48 | |Newspaper |50 |23. 5 | |Magazine |80 |37. 04 | |Books |11 |5. 09 | |Seminar |19 |8. 80 | |Class Lecture |77 |35. 5 | |Others | |Internet |13 |6. 02 | |Parents |2 |0. 93 | |Friends |3 |1. 9 | |Product Bought |1 |0. 46 | As shown in the Table 2 consumers get interested or aware on green consuming through the following result of stud of Suplico(2009): television (48. 61%), magazines (37. 04%), class lectures (35. 65%) and newspapers (23. 15%). Obviously speaking television although has a little expensive but still the important source of information for consumers.Because television reaches extremely large audience as it communicates with sight, sound and motion. Additionally, according to Yaacob and Zakaria (2010) that the green consumerism implies the consumer that is willing to buy products or service with a premium price. In detail, consumers agree that are willing to acquire products or services that are nontoxic, recyclable/reusable/refillable, ozone friendly, energy efficient and causes minimal household waste which implies businesses can use green marketing to promote their products.With regard to the second question, Mercy & Yazdanifad (2011) study explicated that consumer on acquiring green products or services believe that the green life is a better and healthier for present and future generation. It was shown that consumers spending pattern illustrate that they have desire for brands that â€Å"go green†. Thus, in the paper of Raksha & Majidazar (2011) concluded that green practice has significant effect on the brand loyalty of consumers on firms’ products and services.It was mentioned that the perceptual evaluative and psychological process that contributes the satisfaction of consumers which it shows the product satisfaction and purchase decision experience of consumers. For further detail, businesses that incorporated green ideas in their products or services not only can satisfy the environmental needs of consumers, but also the consumer expectations on the products or services which results to increase of consumer loyalty on product or service.And for the last question, here are some significant implications of the influence of green consuming that is implemented on the consumers and business functions. Nandini & Deshpande (2011) stated in their study that green marketing helps to improve the usage of raw materials of company in manufacturing products which results a much better product quality of firms because of the green program that attached in the products. And together with the green contents that exist in the products or services that clearly gives interest to the consumers to acquire the product. Hence, it ncreased the satisfaction of costumers on the product or services of firms that leads into brand loyalty on firms. Similarly, Nandini & Deshpandi explicated being green of market increased and enhances the social responsibility of consumers to protect the environment. People get more get interested on their social responsibility if they see that the global market also c oncerned on the environment. Obviously, that implicate to reducing of the risk exposure of environment. With the help of market and also the responds of the consumers, it may slowly prevent some environmental issues.As for another firm’s implication, Bukhari (2011) elucidated that doing green of firms give them chance to access the new market, increase their profit sustainability, and enjoy a competitive advantage over the companies which are not totally concerned on the environment. Therefore, after finding the implications of doing green it can be said that its main consequence is the sustainable development clearly in the environment and to the market that highlighted the green concept and absolutely to the consumers itself. Figure 1. Implications of Green MarketingRetrieved from Nandini and Deshpande (2011) IV. CONCLUSION Green marketing is a tool for protecting the environment for the future generation, it has an impact on consumer decision making on buying products. As what Mercy & Yazdanifad (2011) concluded in their study that consumers want to identify themselves with companies that are green compliant and are willing to pay a premium for a greener life style. Hence, clearly can say it has positive on consumer. However, marketers must find an opportunity to enhance their product's performance and strengthen customer's loyalty and command a higher price.Bukhari (2011) On the other hand, (Ottman, 1998), said that most consumers are sprouts. They buy green products from time to time but are not involved in any environmental activities. Additionally, the use of firms of labelling the green welfare of products are only make consumers more confused about the product or service. Thus, marketers should encourage consumers with appeals to get involved in environmental activities and must have enough knowledge about the use of green products that offered in market.As such, thus green marketing is not just an environmental protection tool but also, a mark eting strategy of firms for sustainable development. REFERENCES Bukhari, S. S. (2011). Green Marketing and its impact on consumer behaviour. European Journal of Business , 3(4), 375-383 Chang, N, J. , , C, M. (2010). Green product quality, green corporate image, green customer satisfaction, and green customer loyalty. African Journal of Business Management, 4(13), 2836-2844 European Commission. (2004). Buying green! A handbook on environmental public procurement.Belgium: Luxembourg Publication. Encyclopedia of Business (2007). Green Marketing (2nded. ). Washington DC. Fuller, Donald A. (1998). Sustainable Marketing: Managerial-Ecological Issues. USA. SagePublications. Hicks, C. (2009). It’s Not Easy Buying Green. Retrieved August 6, 2012 from http://blog. lohas. com/blog/green-marketing-strategy Horne, R. E (2009). Limits to labels: The role of eco labels in the assessment of product sustainability and routes to sustainable consumption. International Journal of Consumer Studi es [serial online]. March 2009; 33(2):175-182. doi:10. 111/j. 1470-6431. 2009. 00752. x Leonidou, L. C. ,Leonidou, C. N. , , O. (2010). Antecedents and outcomes of consumer environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Marketing Management,26(13/14), 1319–1344. doi: 10. 1080/0267257X. 2010. 523710 Lin, C. , & Ho, Y. (2011). Determinants of Green Practice Adoption for Logistics Companies in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(1):67–83. doi: 10. 1007/s10551-010-0535-9 Lipp, B. (2010). Impact of B2B Green Marketing in an Increasingly Environmentally ConsciousWorld. Recovered August 8, 2012 from http://www. nvironmentalleader. com/2010/06/14/impact-of-b2b-green-marketing-in-an-increasingly-environmentally-conscious-world/. Makower, J. (2011). Green Marketing Is Over. Let’s Move On. Retrieved August 8, 2012 from http://www. greenbiz. com/blog/2011/05/16/green-marketing-over-lets-move? page=full Nandini, P, M. , , M. (2011). A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON GREEN MARKETING- A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. International Journal Of Sales And Marketing Management, 1(1), 1-16 National Consumer Council (2002). Green consuming. London Ottman, J. (2011).The New Rules of Green Marketing: Strategies, Tools, and Inspiration for Sustainable Branding. United Kingdom: Greenleaf Publishing. Ottman, Jacquelyn A. (1998). Green Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities for the New Marketing Age. USA. NTC Business Books. ROMERO, P. (2008). Beware of green marketing, warns Greenpeace exec. Retrieved August 6, 2012 from http://www. abs-cbnnews. com/special-report/09/16/08/beware-green-marketing-warns-greenpeace-exec Suplico, L. T (2009). IMPACT OF GREEN MARKETING ON THE STUDENTS PURCHASE DECISION. Journal Of International Business Research, 871-88.Tan, B. C, & Y, P. F. (2012). What Drives Green Restaurant Patronage Intention? International Journal of Business , 7(2), 215-223. doi:10. 5539/ijbm. v7n2p215 Smith, E. E. , & Perks, S. (2010). A perceptual st udy of the impact of green practice implementation on the business functions. Southern African Business Review, 14(3) Tantawi, P. , Shaughnessy, N. , Gad, K. , , M, A, S. (2009). Green Consciousness of Consumers in a Developing Country: A Study of Egyptian Consumers. Contemporary Management Research, 5 (1), 29-50 Yazdanifard, R. , , I. E. (2011).The impact of Green Marketing on Customer satisfaction and Environmental safety. International Conference on Computer Communication and Management, 5, 637-641 Yaacob, M. R. , , A. (2010). CUSTOMERS’ AWARENESS, PERCEPTION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF GREEN PRODUCTS IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA. The Journal of Commerce, 3(2), Rakhsha, R. , , M. (2011). Evaluation of Effectiveness Of green Marketing Mix on Consumer Satisfaction and Loyalty: (Case Study: The East AzarbaijanPegah Dairy Company in Tabriz, Iran). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 10 (6): 755-763APPENDIX A (Date) Dear Respondents, Good day! I am student from Feu Makati taking up Bachelor of Science Administration major in Marketing Management. As a business student, I am equied to write an academic research in our Communication Arts II. Thus, I am now conducting a research about â€Å"A Study on the Impact of Green Marketing on Purchasing Decision as Perceived by Young Professionals on Makati City† The goal of this study is to examine and analyse the impact of the effectiveness of green marketing on the decision making of purchasing of consumers.This survey will concentrate to the awareness of the consumers on Makati City on the eco-friendly practice of business functions. Likewise, this will also analyse the behaviour of consumers on the responds to the green practice of businesses. The responses will be a big help to further examine and re inform the impact of green practice on the customer satisfaction and businesses functions. In that matter, I would like to request to you to fill out the following survey questionnaire and I would be grateful if you could return the absolute questionnaire as soon as possible.Thank you for your kindly cooperation, time and understanding. Sincerely, Ms. Angel Joy S. Mandigal APPENDIX B Survey Questionnaire Name (optional)________________Age__________ Gender: ____Male ____FemaleProfession_______________ Direction: Kindly put a check mark (? ) in each statement that reflects if you are SA- Strongly AgreeAD- Agree/DisagreeSD- Strongly Disagree A- Agree D- Disagree | |SA |A |AD |D |SD | |1.I am aware of green marketing practice. | | | | | | |2. I choose/ purchase products that are eco-friendly. | | | | | | |3. My friends, the media and the marketers influenced me of consuming green products. | | | | | | |4. I buy or consumed green products or services because of the env ironment issues. | | | | | | |5.Everytime I purchase products or services, I always consider its benefit to | | | | | | |environment. | | | | | | |6. I believe that green products or services have a high quality. | | | | | | |7. E ven though I consumed green products or services in market, it still meets my | | | | | | |expectations and satisfactions as consumer on product. | | | | | | |8.I am still willing to buy green products or services despite of its higher or | | | | | | |expensive price. | | | | | | |9. I believe that purchasing green products or services is a right thing to do. | | | | | | |10. Everytime I purchased green products or services I feel that I contribute to the | | | | | | |environmental protection and sustainable development. | | | | | | |11.I prefer buying or consuming eco-friendly products or services than non-green. | | | | | | |12. I am willing to recommend to the people around me the practice of purchasing green | | | | | | |products or services. | | | | | | |13. I believe that business functions should adapt the concept of green marketing. | | | | | | |14. Consumers should practice the green consuming of products or services. | | | | | |15. I do believe that green marketing really affects my purchasing decision on consuming| | | | | | |products or services. | | | | | | |16. Green practice or consuming eco-friendly products or services of consumers are the | | | | | | |best way to prevent environmental issue problem concerned. | | | | | | |17.Government should lead promoting the usage and producing of eco-friendly products or| | | | | | |services among consumers and business functions. | | | | | | ———————– Sustainable Development Customer Brand Loyalty Satisfaction Reduce risk of exposure of environment Improved Product Quality [? ]uw—?  °Ã‚ ±iiIKLTU[j? oaOA? A? A? A? A? A?  ¤Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ~kXH9h  ahâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ uCJOJQJaJhKhâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ u5? CJOJQJaJ$hRwihC]CJOJQJaJmHsH$hRwihnxiCJOJQJaJmHsH$hRwihRwiCJOJQJaJmHsH$hRwihu-CJOJQJaJmHsHhRwihnxiCJOJQJaJSocial Responsibility Improved Raw Material Usage

Is tuition classes important to sudents? Essay

Students these days are increasingly pressured to churn out better and better academic results. As such, parents and the students themselves feel it is necessary to enrol in tuition classes. These after school classes, often conducted by school teachers trying to earn a little extra cash, provide an avenue to those who wish to improve on the subjects they are weak in, or secure a distinction for those they are already proficient in. Nowadays, it is actually rare to find a student, aside for those with economic difficulties, that does not attend tuition class. However, is tuition really necessary? Many students of yesteryear managed to achieve high grades in their examinations while bereft of tuition classes. Students who completed their studies in the 70s up to the early 90s typically did not attend tuition class, yet their grades were no less spectacular than those today. This is mainly because studying for exams, like any other activity, is intrinsically driven. One cannot force a student who is not motivated to swallow volumes of text and regurgitate it out during exams any more than one can force a tiger to change its stripes. Inversely, as happened of yesteryears, students who are motivated to study will do so even if the only illumination available is a guttering candle. Another unsettling aspect of modern tuition classes is that it is only available to those who can afford it. Popular teachers command top dollar for students to enrol in their classes, or have such a large class that one could mistake it for a school assembly. Tuition, unlike teachers teaching in school, is profit driven. Tuition centres allow teachers to rent their space for a percentage of the profits. If however the teacher under performs or is not economically viable, he or she will soon be given the boot. Due to its market driven structure, one can consider tuition classes a form of elitism. Students will proudly compare which of their teachers is better or how they managed to secure a position in a class with a famous teacher, while student who are from the poorer economic group can only stand by and watch. This, in turn, enforces the class divide later on. Tuition’s concept is to allow the student to practice a subject more than the given amount of hours in school. This theoretically helps the student  improve the said subject. For a majority, it really does work. Students do improve after participating in tuition classes. However, as pointed out above, studying is an intrinsic value. A student dragged kicking and screaming to do more exercises on a hated subject could potentially worsen the situation, rather than improve it. The same concept, however, has allowed for some students to truly unlock their potential. Given the vast kaleidoscope of human interactions, it is entirely possible that a student does not â€Å"click† with his or her school teacher, but gets merrily along with the tuition teacher. Any psychologist will attest to that when a person is affable to another, the quality and quantity of the message conveyed has increased potency. It is possible that a student dislikes a given subject in school, but pays complete attention in tuition classes due to the quality and charisma of the teacher. When this happens, the tuition class fulfils its objective of improving the student’s said subject. Tuition classes play a subtle, but highly important role that is not limited to the academic arena . Students from various schools often meet in tuition classes. This leads to interaction between students of different schools, classes and creeds. This lays an important foundation in the construction of a sociable person later on. The foundation of which a proper, functioning person who contributes back to society later on is built upon may, unlikely as it seems, be built during an Additional Mathematics tuition class. So is tuition necessary? My personal belief leans toward yes, it is necessary, but only for this day and age. Had this question been asked ten, twenty or even thirty years earlier, my answer would have been an unequivocal no.